Doctors, clinics and insurance in MN and WI . Discounts are also available for contacts. Get the full details by logging on. Log on to get my discount. Search Minnesota Real Estate from MLS listings. Find virtually all homes for sale in the greater Minneapolis area, including townhomes and new construction homes.ACMC in the News 04/28/17 - ACMC Health Welcomes Darlene Allen as New Granite Falls & Redwood Falls Site Manager. MSHSL Spring Bulletin: The latest edition of the Minnesota State High School League's Bulletin magazine has arrived and is ready for your reading enjoyment. Stellis Health is proud to provide comprehensive health services at our three clinics in Buffalo, Monticello, & Albertville, MN. Schedule your visit today! Medifast is a clinically proven safe and healthy weight-loss program. With Medifast Meal replacements you can lose weight fast and learn to keep it off. Farrell's eXtreme Bodyshaping's fitness program combines high-intensity kickboxing, strength training and nutrition coaching to get you real results. Proper Medication Disposal Many counties offer pharmaceutical take-back programs for unused and expired prescription medications. Visit your county website or. North Memorial Health primary care clinics focus on health maintenance, wellness, and managing chronic conditions, building a lifetime of trust and.
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Gluten- Free Foods - Gluten- Free Living. Dining out with family and friends is such a central part of living a happy, healthy, gluten- free life that you should not let the challenges it presents stop you from enjoying a meal outside your home. You can eat out, just be cautious. Gluten- Free Diet: Benefits & Risks. A gluten- free diet is one that excludes most grains, and it is recommended for people who have celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. For other people, however, going gluten- free can be unhealthy. The benefits and risks of a gluten- free diet should be carefully weighed, especially if the person starting the new diet doesn’t really need to restrict gluten intake. Gluten makes bread products chewy and gives them an elastic quality, so it is important to the making of baked goods. Its indestructible molecules can slip through the intestinal lining and cause inflammation in the intestines of people with celiac disease, according to the Mayo Clinic. In people with celiac disease, gluten irritates the lining of the small intestine and also causes the immune system to attack the villi. Over time, the villi can be damaged or destroyed. Nutrients pass through the digestive tract and are excreted with the body's waste, and the person can suffer malnutrition, according to Web. MD. Department of Health and Human Services, celiac disease affects about one in 1. United States. A low FODMAP diet — which stands for Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols — is often helpful for people with IBS. Gluten- free is part of this diet. They contain oligosaccharides that can be easily fermented by intestinal bacteria. This can cause bloating, cramping and/or diarrhea. Diet is the only treatment for these conditions,” Chong told Live Science. A double- blind study published in the April 2. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders found that a gluten- free and casein- free diet did not help those with autism. Another study by the Harvard Medical School found similar results. That percentage dwarfs the 1 percent of the U. S. Chong pointed out that there are many gluten- free products on grocery store shelves that are just as unhealthy as their wheat- based counterparts. Examples includes bread and bread products like waffles, pancakes, crackers, snack chips and pretzels made with white rice flour, tapioca flour and/or potato starch, cakes and cookies. But why not simply cut out those refined foods and keep the healthy gluten- containing foods? So buying certified gluten- free oats is necessary for someone requiring a gluten- free diet,” said Chong. Wheat flour goes by many names, so it is a challenge to avoid them as well, such as durum flour, farina, graham flour, kamut, semolina and spelt. Cross- contamination can happen during production, so labels should be read carefully for . Ask the staff about gluten- free choices on the menu, and try to find out how it is prepared to avoid cross- contamination. Additional resources. Celiac disease and gluten-free diet information at Celiac.com. Celiac disease, also known as gluten intolerance, is a genetic disorder that affects at least 1 in 133. For many individuals, the advantages and benefits of a gluten free diet translate to better health. However, people with Celiac disease and/or allergies find the. This gluten free breakfast, lunch and dinner menu is intended to help you get started on the diet so that you can begin to heal. It includes a menu plan and a. With simple substitutions of gluten-free sliced bread, buns and corn tortillas, sandwiches are back on the menu for a gluten-free diet. Recipes that are tagged as. Gluten Free Diet Menu Examples In RestaurantGluten-free diet — Learn which foods are acceptable for people eating a gluten-free diet. My name is Shauna James Ahern. I have been alive since August of 1966. Or, should I say, I have been on this earth since then. Sodium, the main component in common table salt, can cause high blood pressure, swelling, and cognition troubles when consumed in excess. Salty Taste In Mouth, What Could Be a Cause of That? When a salty taste appears in your mouth, yet you have not eaten high sodium foods, the source of this taste can be a mystery. If you notice the sensation does not go away for a period of days or weeks despite repeated brushing, flossing, gargling with mouthwash or eating other foods, the salty taste may be attributable to an underlying cause. If it appears dry, you are experiencing dehydration. A second test is that of pinching the skin on the back of your hand, which should immediately spring back into place when released. If you have not stayed hydrated, your skin will remain out of shape for several seconds. To fix this problem, simply hydrate. Drink plenty of water and monitor your condition. If you return to a more hydrated state and the salty taste in your mouth remains for days or weeks, you likely have a different cause for the problem. Salt is vital for the body to function properly, especially during pregnancy. Three days before Thanksgiving, I suddenly developed a constant salty taste in my mouth that didn’t go away no matter how much I brushed and flossed my teeth. All you wanted to know about the Gm Diet. The General Motors diet is a popular diet program. Get details of the diet plan, how to prepare, side effects and more. How to deal with side effects from triglyceride-lowering medicines. Learn what diet coke side effects I had from a nearly 10 year addiction of 7-8 cans a day. Table salt or common salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural. Free reference information from The NY Times on nutrition sources, function, side effects and recommendations, as well as links to related news and features. I had salty taste in my mouth for almost six month,the salty taste stop when i stopped using toothpast with baking soda. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)Commonly referred to as acid reflux, this condition can be alleviated through changes to your lifestyle and diet, as well as through medication. Acid reflux can be caused by a variety of conditions, ranging from pregnancy to poor diet, a hiatal hernia to obesity. Eating too close to bedtime is another cause of acid reflux. Salty foods can be found in places you hadn’t considered. And foods high in sodium are sometimes hard to avoid. But arm yourself with tips to make smart. As part of this condition, stomach acids back up into the throat or mouth and cause a bitter taste. This taste may come across as salty to you, or it can be fouler. Heartburn often accompanies this acid reflux and may indicate that it is the source of your issue. Dietary changes may fix the problem or your doctor can recommend solutions or prescribe medication to treat the condition. Sinus Infection. Sinus infections and allergies cause post- nasal drainage. This drainage can be salty in flavor, subtly lacing the back of your throat and mouth with a thin film of sinus fluid. Antibiotics or allergy medications may be able to alleviate these problems and, in turn, the salty flavor. Smoking. As another reason to quit smoking, the salty taste in your mouth may be a side effect of the habit. Smokers often suffer minor infections of the salivary glands which resolve on their own quickly, producing a salty flavor in the process. In heavier smokers, these infections can be frequent, producing an almost constant salty flavor in the mouth. Sialadenitis. Sialadenitis is an infection of the salivary glands. These glands usually become infected in their locations beneath the chin or in front of the ear. The cause is usually viral or bacterial and can be treated with medications. Like any oral or regional infection, sialadenitis can cause salty- flavored fluid seepage which enters the mouth.» blood pressure medications»antihistamines» antidepressants» sedatives» thyroid medication» decongestantsand other medications can cause salty taste in the mouth. Changing to a new prescription may help alleviate the problem. Hormonal Changes. Hormonal changes of menopause can cause degenerative changes in oral nerves, triggering burning mouth syndrome. This causes taste disturbances and may create a salty flavor. A doctor can recommend a daily dose of zinc which may fix the problem. Complication of Head Surgery. After head surgery, cerebrospinal fluid may leak down the back of the throat, thus explaining the salty flavor in the mouth. Paraneoplastic Syndrome. Patients with breast, ovarian or other cancers can develop this rare disorder, as part of which tumor- related substances affect the central nervous system. The nervous system then experiences sensory perception issues, which may include the salty flavor in the mouth. Tongue’s Temperature. According to a Yale study, the tongue’s temperature can result in the salty taste in your mouth. Sjogren’s Syndromeautoimmune disorder causes the immune system to attack its own moisture- producing glands. The glands malfunction, resulting in oral dryness, dry eyes and dry nasal passages. The skin is also dehydrated. Joints become painful due to poor lubrication, the digestive system experiences upset and neurological problems may result. Some of these problems, particularly the dryness of the mouth and digestive issues such as acid reflux, may cause a salty flavor in the mouth. Other Options for Your Mysterious Salty Flavor. If your doctor cannot figure out the root cause of your salty flavor issue, you may be able to request a referral to a specialist. A chemosensory center provides evaluations which might prove helpful. These evaluations include a test referred to as a “sip, spit and rinse” test, during which chemicals are applied to the tongue. Your sense of taste is closely related to the sense of smell. Because these two senses work in tandem, that sense may be evaluated, as well. There are “scratch and sniff” type tests which can be administered, in addition to other tests. Major hospitals, including research hospitals, often have chemosensory centers. Conclusion. After a thorough investigation, it very well may be that your sense of salty taste remains a mystery. But this should not be too disconcerting, as having a salty flavor in your mouth will not cause physical harm or threaten your life. Such problems often resolve on their own, as the body uses its own systems to return itself to a normal balance. This can take anywhere from days to a year or more. So patience will pay off if you realize one day that the flavor is gone. Many people with this type of issue find it helpful to chew xylitol- sweetened gum, use a moisturizing oral spritzer (check price on amazon. Keep an eye on your diet and ensure you are not eating foods with a lot of hidden sodium, such as packaged or prepared foods. Together, all of these practices can help reduce and even resolve your salty flavor problem.(source)References“https: //www. NBK5. 09. 58/“http: //www. Diet- Friendly Healthful Carbs . They’re naturally devoid of fat and cholesterol and a valuable source of vitamins B6 and C, manganese, potassium and fiber. The electrolytes in bananas, including potassium, guard against dehydration. The 3 grams of fiber contained per serving promotes fullness, making it a useful between meal snack. For a treat, she suggests grilling bananas, peel on, for five minutes per side. The peel will blacken, but the insides turn into caramelized goodness. Related. 1. 6 Surprising Facts About Bananas. Canine Veterinary Diet. ROYAL CANIN®’s Veterinary Diet ranges are available through your vet, and are precisely formulated for specific needs. Diabetes.co.uk is your resource for diabetes, research and diabetes education programs. Join the world's leading support community for people with diabetes. Includes: suggested diet, gallstones, and a healthy way to eat. All Natural Arthritis Relief and Diabetic Dog treats with all natural ingredients for relieving the discomforts associated with aging dogs. A diabetic diet, or diabetes diet is a healthy eating plan to maintain good blood glucose levels. Some foods may raise your blood sugar levels, for example, white. COCA-COLA®, "TASTE THE FEELING", and the Contour Bottle are trademarks of The Coca-Cola Company. 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This cookie stores just a. ID; no other information is captured. Accepting the NEJM cookie is. Metabolismo de la vitamina D. Efectos de la vitamina D sobre el intestino. Efectos óseos de la vitamina D. Efectos renales de la vitamina D. La obesidad y la diabetes tipo 2 están aumentando a nivel mundial y generan gran morbilidad y mortalidad, y afectan al paciente, la familia y al sistema de. REWARD The Lancet REWARD (REduce research Waste And Reward Diligence) Campaign invites all involved in biomedical research to critically examine the research. LA DISFUNCIÓN ENDOTELIAL: UNA PROPUESTA HACIA EL CAMBIO Dra. Verónica Marcela de la Vega. María Gabriela Rodríguez. María Gabriela Quintana.
Eat More Beans If You Want To Lose Weight. Usually a weight loss plan calls for restriction: You remove a food from your daily eats to drop pounds. But new research is advising you to add to your meal plan - - as long as that added food falls into the family of pulses. Pulses are the dried seeds of the legume branch. So in other words, eat your beans. Or peas, chickpeas and lentils. These foods will help you lose weight and feel fuller longer, according to a new analysis of existing studies conducted by researchers at St. Michael’s Hospital in Canada. Their study, published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, reveals that a daily serving of beans and other pulses can contribute to a modest weight loss and reduced cholesterol levels. Restaurants Your survival guide to eating out and staying slim; Fitness Uncover your six-pack with our exercise guides and meal plans; Groceries Insider tricks for. There are many reasons why you might want to lose weight. If you have been significantly overweight or obese for a long time, then you might have. A FREE guide to weight loss. From diet, nutrition and calories, to exercise, products and supplements. This is EVERYTHING you need to lose weight. Researchers analyzed 2. The participants had aded a single serving of pulses to their diet, and did not make any specific efforts to restrict or reduce other food intake. Michael’s Hospital, said in a statement. The majority of diets are proven to fail, so choosing to add foods, rather than take them away, may be a sneaky, smart way to overcome the struggle- filled weight loss battle. POPSUGAR; Fitness; Dinner; What to Eat For Dinner to Lose Weight Nutritionists Recommend the Perfect Dinner Equation For Weight Loss. If you're trying to lose weight, adding green beans to your diet. Weight loss is achieved when you find something that works for you. Regardless of your body type, genetics or lifestyle, you can lose weight, but you still have to eat. Pulses are also a notable source of vegetarian protein, which makes reducing one's meat intake (another healthy choice) much easier to do. It's no wonder the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization deemed 2. International Year of Pulses. How to Eat and Lose Weight. Did you know that you can eat good food and lose weight? It probably sounds too good to be true, right? Changing what and how you eat will.How Many Grams Of Carbs Should I Eat Per Day To Lose Weight? One of the most common questions I get asked by people trying to put together the best diet possible for their goal (to lose weight, build muscle, etc.) is how many grams of carbs they should eat per day. This never surprises me, because carbs are pretty much always the nutrient that people are most often scared of and confused by these days. Because all of this talk about good carbs and bad carbs, simple and complex, the glycemic index and the various low carb diets and low carb foods is enough to drive a person insane. To help end your insanity, let’s figure out exactly how many grams of carbs you should eat per day to lose weight or build muscle, and cover what types of food sources they should come from. How Many Carbs Per Day? Let’s start with the biggest question first? Answering this question is actually REALLY easy once you understand a few simple facts about how the rest of your diet should ideally be set up. What I mean is, before we can figure out your daily carb intake, we need to take 3 other steps first. Let me show you what I mean. They are ALWAYS the #1 key to making your body do what you want it to do, so they are always the first thing that needs to be figured out. I’ve already written full articles that explain how to calculate how many calories you need to eat per day for your goal, so feel free to do that using the following links: Step 2: Figure Out Protein. Once your calorie intake is all figured out, you then need to figure out how many grams of protein you should eat per day. Because protein is the next most important part of every diet plan. My article about the high protein diet explains why it’s so important when trying to lose weight or build muscle, and my article about how many grams of protein per day explains how much you should eat. To save you the time, 0. Step 3: Figure Out Fat. With calories and protein set, we’re still not ready for carbs just yet. Because fat is actually the next most important part of your diet. My article comparing good fat vs bad fat also covers how much you should eat per day. To again save you the time, usually about 2. Step 4: And Now We Can Figure Out Carbs. With all of that out of the way, we’re finally up to the least important part of our diet. Surprised how unimportant they are? Calories are the key to controlling our weight, and protein and fat are the only macronutrients that are truly essential to the human body. Carbs on the other hand are not. We should definitely eat a sufficient amount of them each day, but they are no where near as important as calories, protein or fat. So, how many grams of carbs should you eat per day? Carbs should be used to fill in whatever amount of calories are still left over after protein and fat have been factored into your diet. Confused? Let me show you an example. Since 1 gram of protein contains 4 calories, that means 6. Next, since 2. 5% of your calories should come from fat, this example person can calculate that 5. So that’s 6. 00 from protein plus 5. Now they’d just subtract 1. Since 1 gram of carbs contains 4 calories, this example person can see that they should eat 2. And that’s why the 3 other steps needed to come before carbs. We needed to figure out calories, protein and fat in order to figure out how many carbs we should eat per day. Once again keep in mind that the amounts used in the example above were just made up examples. You’d obviously need to use the amounts that are specific to you. If any part of this process was confusing, my article about creating your entire diet plan covers it in much more detail. What Sources Of Carbs Should I Eat? Now that you know how many grams of carbs you should eat per day, you also probably want to know which foods you should get these carbs from. For the most part, people trying to lose weight, build muscle or just be healthy should get the majority of their daily carb intake from higher quality nutrient- dense sources as opposed to simple, high glycemic, processed crap. Some ideal examples include. The type of food you eat is NEVER what makes you fat. Eating too many total calories is the only thing that does that. It doesn’t matter where those calories come from (protein, fat, carbs) or how healthy or unhealthy (or “good” or “bad”) they are. Too much of anything will cause fat to be gained just the same. Instead, the reason for avoiding/limiting these types of carbs is mostly for the purpose of controlling hunger and choosing better sources that are higher in various important nutrients, which is crucial for overall health. No More Carb Confusion. So, there it is. That’s how to figure out how many grams of carbs you should eat per day, and those are the basics of which food sources those carbs should most often come from in your daily diet.***NEW*** Still have questions about your diet? Confused about your workout routine? Need help putting it all together? Methamphetamine - Wikipedia. This article is about the free base and salts of methamphetamine. For other uses, see Meth (disambiguation). Methamphetamine. INN: Metamfetamine. Clinical data. Pronunciation. Trade names. Desoxyn. AHFS/Drugs. com. Monograph. License data. Pregnancycategory.
US: C (Risk not ruled out)Dependenceliability. Physical: none. Psychological: high. Addictionliability. High. Routes ofadministration. Medical: oral (ingestion), intravenous. Methamphetamine was discovered in 1. It is rarely prescribed due to concerns involving human neurotoxicity and potential for recreational use as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant, among other concerns, as well as the availability of safer substitute drugs with comparable treatment efficacy. Dextromethamphetamine is a much stronger CNS stimulant than levomethamphetamine. Both methamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine are illicitly trafficked and sold owing to their potential for recreational use. The highest prevalence of illegal methamphetamine use occurs in parts of Asia, Oceania, and in the United States, where racemic methamphetamine, levomethamphetamine, and dextromethamphetamine are classified as schedule II controlled substances. Levomethamphetamine is available as an over- the- counter (OTC) drug for use as an inhaled nasal decongestant in the United States. While dextromethamphetamine is a more potent drug, racemic methamphetamine is sometimes illicitly produced due to the relative ease of synthesis and limited availability of chemical precursors. In low doses, methamphetamine can elevate mood, increase alertness, concentration and energy in fatigued individuals, reduce appetite and promote (initial) weight loss. At higher doses, it can induce psychosis, breakdown of skeletal muscle, seizures and bleeding in the brain. Chronic high- dose use can precipitate unpredictable and rapid mood swings, prominent delusions and violent behavior. Recreationally, methamphetamine's ability to increase energy has been reported to lift mood and increase sexual desire to such an extent that users are able to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days. Heavy recreational use of methamphetamine may lead to a post- acute- withdrawal syndrome, which can persist for months beyond the typical withdrawal period. Unlike amphetamine, methamphetamine is neurotoxic to human midbraindopaminergicneurons. It is related to the other dimethylphenethylamines as a positional isomer of these compounds, which share the common chemical formula: C1. H1. 5N1. Uses. Medical. In the United States, methamphetamine hydrochloride, under the trade name Desoxyn, has been approved by the FDA for treating ADHD and obesity in both adults and children. They suggest the side effect has been exaggerated and stylized to create a stereotype of current users to deter new ones. Following presynaptic dopamine and glutamateco- release by such psychostimulants. Methamphetamine reverses the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT) by activating TAAR1 (not shown). TAAR1 activation also causes some of the dopamine transporters to move into the presynaptic neuron and cease transport (not shown). At VMAT2 (labeled VMAT), methamphetamine causes dopamine efflux (release). Pharmacodynamics. Methamphetamine has been identified as a potent full agonist of trace amine- associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), a G protein- coupled receptor (GPCR) that regulates brain catecholamine systems. At room temperature, the free base of methamphetamine is a clear and colorless liquid with an odor characteristic of geranium leaves. It was used extensively by all branches of the combined Wehrmacht armed forces of the Third Reich, and was popular with Luftwaffe pilots in particular, for its performance- enhancing stimulant effects and to induce extended wakefulness. Side effects were so serious that the army sharply cut back its usage in 1. Suffering from a drug hangover and looking more like a zombie than a great warrior, he had to recover from the side effects. Amphetamine legislation 1. Hearings, Ninety- second Congress, first session, pursuant to S. United States(PDF). Retrieved 1 January 2. We made a decision in January of 1. In humans, the oral bioavailability of methamphetamine is approximately 7. IV) delivery (Ares- Santos et al., 2. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 3. 1 December 2. United States Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 3. 0 December 2. Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). Retrieved 3 January 2. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 3. 1 December 2. Always combine pharmacologic approaches with nonpharmacologic therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia (FM), especially stress. Savella (milnacipran) affects certain chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. An abnormality in these chemicals is thought to be related to fibromyalgia (a. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Retrieved 1 September 2. University of Alberta. Retrieved 3. 1 December 2. Retrieved 1. 6 January 2. Retrieved 1 January 2. Code of Federal Regulations Title 2. Subchapter D – Drugs for human use. United States Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 7 March 2. Topical nasal decongestants - -(i) For products containing levmetamfetamine identified in 3. The product delivers in each 8. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2 January 2. National Geographic Channel. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: Mc. Graw- Hill Medical. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 0. Unlike cocaine and amphetamine, methamphetamine is directly toxic to midbrain dopamine neurons. Neuroimaging studies have revealed that METH can indeed cause neurodegenerative changes in the brains of human addicts (Aron and Paulus, 2. Chang et al., 2. 00. These abnormalities include persistent decreases in the levels of dopamine transporters (DAT) in the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the caudate- putamen (Mc. Cann et al., 1. 99. Sekine et al., 2. Volkow et al., 2. The density of serotonin transporters (5- HTT) is also decreased in the midbrain, caudate, putamen, hypothalamus, thalamus, the orbitofrontal, temporal, and cingulate cortices of METH- dependent individuals (Sekine et al., 2. Neuropsychological studies have detected deficits in attention, working memory, and decision- making in chronic METH addicts .. There is compelling evidence that the negative neuropsychiatric consequences of METH abuse are due, at least in part, to drug- induced neuropathological changes in the brains of these METH- exposed individuals .. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in METH addicts have revealed substantial morphological changes in their brains. These include loss of gray matter in the cingulate, limbic and paralimbic cortices, significant shrinkage of hippocampi, and hypertrophy of white matter (Thompson et al., 2. In addition, the brains of METH abusers show evidence of hyperintensities in white matter (Bae et al., 2. Ernst et al., 2. 00. N- acetylaspartate (Ernst et al., 2. Sung et al., 2. 00. Sekine et al., 2. Chang et al., 2. 00. Ernst et al., 2. 00. Sung et al., 2. 00. Yen et al., 1. 99. Elevated choline levels, which are indicative of increased cellular membrane synthesis and turnover are also evident in the frontal gray matter of METH abusers (Ernst et al., 2. Salo et al., 2. 00. Taylor et al., 2. United States Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 6 January 2. Neuropsychopharmacology. Retrieved 6 March 2. Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies (9th ed.). New York: Mc. Graw- Hill Medical. In Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC. Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (1. New York: Mc. Graw- Hill. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 0. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. American Family Physician. American Dental Association. Archived from the original on June 2. Retrieved December 2. Neuropsychopharmacology. Retrieved January 2. Archived from the original(PDF) on August 2. Retrieved January 2. Merck Manual for Health Care Professionals. Glia (including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes), which constitute the majority of cells in the brain, have many of the same receptors as neurons, secrete neurotransmitters and neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory factors, control clearance of neurotransmitters from synaptic clefts, and are intimately involved in synaptic plasticity. Despite their prevalence and spectrum of functions, appreciation of their potential general importance has been elusive since their identification in the mid- 1. This development of appreciation has been nurtured by the growing awareness that drugs of abuse, including the psychostimulants, affect glial activity, and glial activity, in turn, has been found to modulate the effects of the psychostimulants ^Loftis JM, Janowsky A (2. Collectively, these pathological processes contribute to neurotoxicity (e. BBB permeability, inflammation, neuronal degeneration, cell death) and neuropsychiatric impairments (e. They are present in the organs that mediate the actions of METH (e. In the brain, METH acts primarily on the dopaminergic system to cause acute locomotor stimulant, subchronic sensitized, and neurotoxic effects. Repeated administration or self administration of METH has been shown to upregulate . The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. TAAR1 overexpression significantly decreased EAAT- 2 levels and glutamate clearance .. METH treatment activated TAAR1 leading to intracellular c. AMP in human astrocytes and modulated glutamate clearance abilities. Furthermore, molecular alterations in astrocyte TAAR1 levels correspond to changes in astrocyte EAAT- 2 levels and function. TAAR1 is largely located in the intracellular compartments both in neurons (Miller, 2. Cisneros and Ghorpade, 2. Grandy, 2. 00. 7) ^ abcd. Rodvelt KR, Miller DK (September 2. In Olson KR, Anderson IB, Benowitz NL, Blanc PD, Kearney TE, Kim- Katz SY, Wu AH. Poisoning & Drug Overdose (6th ed.). New York: Mc. Graw- Hill Medical. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 0. Retrieved 1. 1 June 2. Shoptaw SJ, Ali R, eds. Cochrane Database Syst. Sertraline - Wikipedia. For the electronic music band, see Lustral (band). Sertraline. Clinical data. Trade names. Zoloft and others. It was introduced to the market by Pfizer in 1. Sertraline is primarily prescribed for major depressive disorder in adult outpatients as well as obsessive- compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder, in both adults and children. In 2. 01. 3, it was the most prescribed antidepressant and second most prescribed psychiatric medication (after alprazolam) on the U. S. It is similar in tolerability profile to other SSRIs, with the types of adverse events usually including diarrhea, nausea, and sexual dysfunction. The incidence of diarrhea was higher with sertraline—especially when prescribed at higher doses—in comparison to other SSRIs. A 1. 99. 8 review suggested that, due to its pharmacology, sertraline may be more efficacious than other SSRIs and equal to TCAs for the treatment of melancholic depression. Reboxetine was significantly worse. Sertraline had much lower rates of adverse effects than these TCAs, with the exception of nausea, which occurred more frequently with sertraline. In addition, sertraline appeared to be more effective than fluoxetine or nortriptyline in the older- than- 7. With respect to safety duloxetine and venlafaxine increased worsened dizziness, however not much safety data was reported. The response rate was independent of the dose. In addition to decreasing the frequency of panic attacks by about 8. The patients rated as . The authors of the study argued that the improvement achieved with sertraline is different and of a better quality than the improvement achieved with placebo. Significant improvement was observed in 5. The improvement began during the first week of treatment, and in addition to mood, irritability, and anxiety, improvement was reflected in better family functioning, social activity and general quality of life. Work functioning and physical symptoms, such as swelling, bloating and breast tenderness, were less responsive to sertraline. Of the sertraline group, 4. This result compares favorably with placebo, where, according to the literature, 3–6% of patients gained more than 7% of their initial weight. The large weight gain was observed only among female members of the sertraline group; the significance of this finding is unclear because of the small size of the group. Divided attention was improved and verbal memory under interference conditions decreased marginally. Because of the large number of measures taken, it is possible that these changes were still due to chance. The observed frequency of sexual side effects depends greatly on whether they are reported by patients spontaneously, as in the manufacturer's trials, or actively solicited by the physicians. There have been several double- blind studies of sexual side effects comparing sertraline with placebo or other antidepressants. The mood improvement resulting from the treatment with sertraline sometimes counteracted these side effects, so that sexual desire and overall satisfaction with sex stayed the same as before the sertraline treatment. However, under the action of placebo the desire and satisfaction slightly improved. This warning is based on statistical analyses conducted by two independent groups of FDA experts that found a twofold increase of suicidal ideation and behavior in children and adolescents, and a 1. For the above analysis, the FDA combined the results of 2. Considered separately, sertraline use in adults decreased the odds of suicidal behavior with a marginal statistical significance by 3. The authors of the FDA analysis note that . Plasma, serum or blood concentrations of sertraline and norsertraline, its major active metabolite, may be measured to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to aid in the medicolegal investigation of fatalities. As a result, more than half of breast- fed babies receive less than 2 mg/day of sertraline and desmethylsertraline combined, and in most cases these substances are undetectable in their blood. The symptoms can include flu- like symptoms and disturbances in sleep, senses, movement, mood, and thinking. In most cases symptoms are mild, short- lived, and resolve without treatment. More severe cases are often successfully treated by temporary reintroduction of the drug with a slower tapering off rate. In a placebo- controlled study in which sertraline was co- administered with lithium, 3. Sertraline concentrate contains alcohol, and is therefore contraindicated with disulfiram (Antabuse). The prescribing information recommends that treatment of the elderly and patients with liver impairment . However, this is not considered a tight binding, and this action is only 1. In the blood, it is 9. Its half- life in the body is 1. It appeared unlikely that inhibition of any single isoform could cause clinically significant changes in sertraline pharmacokinetics. These conclusions have not been verified in human studies. Sertraline deaminated is O- 2. Development of tametraline was soon stopped because of undesired stimulant effects observed in animals. A few years later, in 1. Kenneth Koe, after comparing the structural features of a variety of reuptake inhibitors, became interested in the tametraline series. He asked another Pfizer chemist, Willard Welch, to synthesize some previously unexplored tametraline derivatives. Welch generated a number of potent norepinephrine and triple reuptake inhibitors, but to the surprise of the scientists, one representative of the generally inactive cis- analogs was a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Welch then prepared stereoisomers of this compound, which were tested in vivo by animal behavioral scientist Albert Weissman. The most potent and selective (+)- isomer was taken into further development and eventually named sertraline. Weissman and Koe recalled that the group did not set up to produce an antidepressant of the SSRI type—in that sense their inquiry was not . According to Welch, they worked outside the mainstream at Pfizer, and even . The group had to overcome initial bureaucratic reluctance to pursue sertraline development, as Pfizer was considering licensing an antidepressant candidate from another company. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1. Psychopharmacological Drugs Advisory Committee; it had already become available in the United Kingdom the previous year. In 2. 00. 3, the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency issued a guidance that, apart from fluoxetine (Prozac), SSRIs are not suitable for the treatment of depression in patients under 1. In 2. 00. 7, labeling was again changed to add a warning regarding suicidal behavior in young adults ages 1. Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Twelfth Edition. Mc. Graw Hill Professional; 2. Sertraline Page accessed 1. May 2. 01. 5^ abcd. Obach RS, Cox LM, Tremaine LM (2. Retrieved 3 April 2. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. The American Society of Health- System Pharmacists. Retrieved 3 April 2. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. J Clin Psychopharmacol. Current Medical Research and Opinion. K.; Khosla, P; Deswal, R. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics. Health Technol Assess. Suppl B): S9. 9–1. Lay summary – The Washington Post (2. January 2. 00. 9). Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (4): CD0. A meta- analysis of pharmacotherapy trials in pediatric obsessive- compulsive disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Retrieved 2. 8 July 2. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Arch Womens Ment Health. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. The New England Journal of Medicine. BMJ clinical evidence. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Current clinical pharmacology. The journal of sexual medicine. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. The Maudsley prescribing guidelines in psychiatry. West Sussex: Wiley- Blackwell. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 4. Fluoxetine Hydrochloride. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press. Retrieved 2. 7 November 2. Wolters Kluwer Health. Retrieved 2. 7 November 2. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Psychopharmacology (Berl.). Psychopharmacology (Berl.). J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Clinical Therapeutics. Retrieved 1. 1 July 2. Overview for December 1. Meeting of Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory Committee (PDAC). Retrieved 1. 1 July 2. FDA DOCKET 2. 00. N- 0. 41. 4. Retrieved 1. July 2. 00. 8. Retrieved 1. July 2. 00. 8. The British Journal of Psychiatry. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man (8th ed.). Foster City, California: Biomedical Publications. Journal of Medical Toxicology. The American Journal of Psychiatry. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. The American Journal of Psychiatry. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. The American Journal on Addictions. ADHD comorbidities: handbook for ADHD complications in children and adults. American Psychiatric Pub. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 5. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. Journal of clinical pharmacology. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. Biological Psychiatry. The American Journal of Psychiatry. Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. Life Sci (5. 2): 1. Delhi Psychiatry Journal. Pharmacotherapy of Depression. Springer. Link (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Humana Press. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 6. Advances in Medicinal Chemistry. Advances in Medicinal Chemistry. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 5. A Class of Compounds with a Novel Profile of Central Nervous System Activity. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Chemical & Engineering News. The Antidepressant Era. Max Shred and Xtreme Antler Review - Do They Really Work? Date Published: 0. It’s no secret that guys across the country will do practically whatever it takes to get ripped and shredded, even dabbling in illegal drugs to get the body they want. A recent blog post I saw on a supposed “men’s health” site called Men’s Life and Health reports that you don’t need to revert to steroids to get massive, but instead, you can turn to 2 supplements celebrity’s have been taking ripped, lean physiques. What supplement stack could they possibly be talking about? None other than Max Shred and Xtreme Antler, 2 over the counter supplements that apparently the companies of which are handing out free bottles of the stuff. I mean, why would a company want to turn a profit when they can just hand the stuff out. Well, you’re about to thank me for saving you from the scam that these products turn out to be! What is Max Shred and Xtreme Antler? According to this blog post I’m reading, Max Shred (or Maximum Shred as it’s referred to on their official site) is a all natural pre- workout supplement that is designed to get you stronger, bigger, and more cut. It also apparently helps you gain more muscle from workouts, boosts your energy, burns fat, and gives you massive looking pumps, all within a few weeks! We tried finding an official ingredients list, but there is nothing listed on the Max Shred website. My guess is that it contains some sort of L- Arginine based on their descriptions, and maybe even a stimulant or 2. The only way to see if your using it is by doing a blood test. So Does Using Max Shred And Xtreme Antler Really Work? Most likely not, at least not the way they say it will. First off, the article you think your reading on a men’s health article is really an advertisement. Because if I try to click on any of the links on their page, it directs me to an offer for either Max Shred or Extreme Antler. Red flag #1. Second, the page is littered with comments, which apparently were all posted today. Of course all of the comments about Max Shred and Xtreme Antler are positive, with guys raving about it’s effectiveness. I tried to leave a comment, and wouldn’t you know it, it’s not going through. It’s not even taking me to a page that says the comment is awaiting moderation. Red Flag #2. Also, I noticed that there is no such magazine titled “Men’s Life and Health”. Finally, and this is the biggest issue, is the fact that the only way you can get these supplements is by signing up for a free trial.“But what could be the problem with that?? I didn’t notice it for the first few days, but towards the end of the first week I started to feel like I was coming down with cold / flu like symptoms. I was unsure as to whether or not the Maximum Shred and Deer Antler were the cause, so I just stopped taking it for about a week and within a few days started to feel normal again. I restarted taking the supplements and, once again, that feeling of sickness started to return. This convinced me wholeheartedly that the supplements must have been the cause. After about 2 weeks of feeling like shit I had enough.
Check out our review of Maximum Shred and Xtreme Antler, and learn the shocking truth behind these supplements they REALLY don't want you to know! Lose Fat 16 Nutritional Rules for a Full-Body Shred Apply these strategies to your diet and watch your physique respond.No effects whatsoever. My Recommendation. It’s highly recommended that you don’t order Max Shred and Xtreme Antler for the reasons listed above. Is stacking supplements, specifically a pre- workout booster and deer antler spray, worth it? But, there are plenty of other products out there on the market that will leave you with better results, at a far cheaper price. Some of you may be getting to this page a bit late, and have already ordered it. My suggestion to you is to contact BOTH companies as quickly as possible to help avoid the headaches and financial strain that these 2 products will ultimately cause you. If you need specific help just leave a comment below and I’ll try to help you out in any way I can. Have You Used Max Shred and Xtreme Antler? Leave Your Review Below! References: 1. I received so called free sample of xtreme antler and maximum shred. Garbage ! Then as soon as I received it I cancelled like the fine print reads. Well doesn't another two bottles show up for an additional $1. Canadian charged to my card ! I snapped and they said of course it's cancelled now and of course what else shows up but two more bottles for a total of $4. I'm pissed they are scams don't get fooled ! I'm still fighting this one! Was this review helpful to you? Yes. No. 8 out of 1. Thank you for your feedback. Aug 0. 1, 2. 01. 4 by I've been taking these 2 products for around 2 months now so.. BS these products do work and they do help you gain lean muscle and also burns fat, gives you a great pump you get a tighter feeling when you flex and you actually start to feel the results within around less than a week I've gained over 1. I've also taken these supps around a yr ago which is my profile picture.. Thanks. Was this review helpful to you? Yes. No. 7 out of 9 people found this review helpful. Thank you for your feedback. Not bad. Although I felt disappointed that the free trial turned into an ongoing order; I managed to negotiate a 5. It has given me more strength in the gym - much like creatine, and I can lift more for longer. I don't think it is placebo and I was realistic about the products claims. After the gym I am looking more toned. Not worth the price at face value. Was this review helpful to you? Yes. No. 5 out of 6 people found this review helpful. Thank you for your feedback. I got both cause I was doing the gym 4- 5 times a week trying to lose some weight. I got the sense it was a scam but went for it anyway. Once I got my order I started taking the shred before the gym, but it just made me feel sick to my stomach. I'd get home do a protein shake and the antler. I looked a bit closer and realized they were going to charge my card, so I called my bank and had my cc canceled before they could. Stopped using it due to the feeling sick, and it kept me up at night even when I worked out first thing in the morning. Was this review helpful to you? Yes. No. 4 out of 5 people found this review helpful. Thank you for your feedback. Max Shred - Xtreme Antler. Mar 0. 4, 2. 01. 5 by Started using Maximum Shred tonight for the first time. I took one pill (a third of a serving) before leaving for the gym. When I got to the gym, I felt sort of uneasy and had a little stomach discomfort. After beginning my workout, this discomfort subsided and I had a phenomenal workout. I realized that the supplement isn't so much of a muscle building supplement as much as just a different, intense preworkout. Definitely something that could be found at Vitamin Shoppe or GNC for a 1. I enjoyed using the product and will most likely finish out the 3. Most of my workout was stimulated by the fact that I was trying something new. Almost like a placebo effect. Granted, it did make me workout harder and made me want to workout harder.. But, that was all in my head. Not worth $1. 80 or however much they're scamming for this shit. In conclusion, any actual ? Yes. No. 4 out of 5 people found this review helpful. Thank you for your feedback. User Questions and Answers. User Questions and Answers. Will this make me fail a drug screen? Yes. No. 1 out of 1 people found this question helpful. Thank you for your feedback. Do I use xtreme antler spray before or after my workout? You'd have to follow the instructions on the bottle.- Rob. Was this question helpful to you? Yes. No. 1 out of 2 people found this question helpful. Thank you for your feedback. I bought this for myself was wondering if females can take this or can you recommend something for woman. Thanks - Harry It's safe for women, but I don't recommend this kind of free trial product. You would do better with the Crazy Mass Cutting Stack.- Rob. Was this question helpful to you? Yes. No. 0 out of 2 people found this question helpful. Thank you for your feedback. Want To Really Get Ripped? Houston Hypnosis Center! There are many uses of hypnosis, and the cost of hypnotherapy service is most often outweighed by the numerous benefits you achieve in a short period of time. When properly induced by a licensed counselor extensively trained in hypnotherapy, the hypnotic state produces a wonderful relaxation, during which your inner mind is able to be reached directly, even though you are consciously aware of what you are doing. You are aware of everything the hypnotist says while you are hypnotized. Joshua Syna M. A., L. C. D. C., C. Ht, has hypnotized over 1. If you are considering hypnosis then call or email us today for your free consultation. Joshua Syna, M. A., L. C. D. C., C. 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